Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Born: September 4, 1894 Died:February 27, 1936
Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who practiced practical medicine. He studied and researched conditioned reflexes. Pavlov is well known for his research with the conditioning of dogs. In his research, Pavlov would ring a bell and then feed the dogs. The dogs would salivate while eating, which is a natural conditioned reflex. Pavlov found that the dogs would associate the ringing of the bell with food. Eventually the dogs would salivate once the bell was rung, not when the food was brought out, making salivating a conditioned reflex. Connection to Brave New World
Pavlov’s research proved that people can also be conditioned to react to a stimulus. In BNW, Pavlov is alluded to with the Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning. This is seen in Brave New World when the people are infants and as young children so that the individuals are conditioned to respond to things in a specific way.
Brave New World conditions their babies to dislike books and flowers by shocking them with electricity when they go near them. The babies learn to associate books and flowers with painful electric shock. The point of Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning in Brave New World is to condition the people into being consumers who will help their economy, and to ensure that they wont embrace literature and learning, or nature. The director says the babies will grow to have an "instinctive hatred" of books and flowers.
Another example of Neo-Pavlovian conditioning in BNW is the death conditioning. The children are sent to the Hospital for the Dying, where they receive chocolate. The Hospital also has the "best toys" for the children to play with. Since the children are given delightful rewards at the Hospital for the Dying, they associate death with these happy things, which conditions them to be insensitive to death. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/pavlov.html http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/pavlov.htm
Karl Marx Born: May 5, 1818 Died: March 14, 1883 Karl Marx was a German revolutionary credited with the foundation of communism. He studied at the University of Berlin and shortly after graduation became part of the Young Hegelian movement. This group showed a highly liberal standpoint against the Prussian government. Marx became involved in the publication of a liberal newspaper, which later was shut down by the Prussian government. Marx soon went to Paris where not only a year later he was banished for his liberal thinking. He then moved to Brussels along with friend Friedrick Engels where they joined the Communist league and later published The Communist Manifesto as well as Capital I, II, III (vols. II and III were published after his death by Engels) and Das Kapital. Each of his works focused highly on ideas that everybody was needed for certain jobs to create commodities and a successful government and country.
Connection to BNW:
Just like Bernard Marx, Karl Marx was a revolutionary thinker with ideas that could (and in Marx’s case, did) radically change society. However, unlike Bernard, Karl Marx was free too publish his radical ideas in newspapers (for a time) and journals. Both men were somewhat of outcasts, as Bernard was sent to Iceland just as Karl was banished from Paris. Karl Marx also believed that religion was like a drug to a society, which in BNW the void left by religion is replaced with soma. Marx’s ideas in his publication of Capital also go along with the idea that everybody has a job especially in the production of commodities, which are the jobs of Deltas and Epsilons in BNW. http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/ http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/marx.html http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-marx.htm
Das Kapital
Karl Marx argued that communism is a better governmental system than capitalism. He believes that capitalism like previous systems will produce internal tensions which will inevitably lead to its demise. Capitalism replaced feudalism, and communism will replace capitalism. Communism is a stateless, classless society which is a stable form of government after a time of transition. Das Kapital is a critical analysis of capitalism. Marx’s analysis of capitalism in Das Kapital focuses primarily on the structural flaws that characterize capitalist
society.
Connection to BNW:
The government in the brave new world is similar however it does differ in some aspects to communism. In the brave new world everyone works together to obtain a certain goal. Individuality is frowned upon in both societies yet there are classes of society in BNW such as Alphas, Betas, ect. Like Karl Marx, Mustafa Mond frowns upon other societies like savages or in Marx’s case capitalists. das kapital http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_marx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_kapital karl marx views
Henry Ford
Born: July 30, 1863 Died: April 7, 1947
Henry Ford
Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company in 1903. He introduced the “Model T” in 1908. Model T had a steering wheel on the left and a four cylinder engine and it was cheap enough to be bought by most of America. Ford is considered the founder of the assembly line, and mass production. Ford was also credited to the social theory of Fordism. Fordism was the transformation from agriculture to industry. The theory was also accompanied with mass production to produce economic growth. President Woodrow Wilson asked Henry Ford to run for the Democratic Party for president. He ran as a peace candidate and was a strong supported of the proposed League of Nations.
Connection to Brave New World
Fordism is the religion that the people of Brave New World practiced. The people in BNW also moved away from agriculture and visiting the country. They also have a mass production of people in the form of assembly line in BNW, like how Ford mass produced cars in the assembly line. The Model T is where the sign of the T that the people in BNW do comes from. Henry Ford also supported the League of Nations that was proposed to unite the whole world. In BNW there is a World State which joins the whole world together, similar to the proposed League of Nations
Allusions in Brave New World
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Born: September 4, 1894
Died:February 27, 1936
Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who practiced practical medicine. He studied and researched conditioned reflexes. Pavlov is well known for his research with the conditioning of dogs. In his research, Pavlov would ring a bell and then feed the dogs. The dogs would salivate while eating, which is a natural conditioned reflex. Pavlov found that the dogs would associate the ringing of the bell with food. Eventually the dogs would salivate once the bell was rung, not when the food was brought out, making salivating a conditioned reflex.
Connection to Brave New World
Pavlov’s research proved that people can also be conditioned to react to a stimulus. In BNW, Pavlov is alluded to with the Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning. This is seen in Brave New World when the people are infants and as young children so that the individuals are conditioned to respond to things in a specific way.
Brave New World conditions their babies to dislike books and flowers by shocking them with electricity when they go near them. The babies learn to associate books and flowers with painful electric shock. The point of Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning in Brave New World is to condition the people into being consumers who will help their economy, and to ensure that they wont embrace literature and learning, or nature. The director says the babies will grow to have an "instinctive hatred" of books and flowers.
Another example of Neo-Pavlovian conditioning in BNW is the death conditioning. The children are sent to the Hospital for the Dying, where they receive chocolate. The Hospital also has the "best toys" for the children to play with. Since the children are given delightful rewards at the Hospital for the Dying, they associate death with these happy things, which conditions them to be insensitive to death.
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/pavlov.html
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/pavlov.htm
Karl Marx
Born: May 5, 1818
Died: March 14, 1883
Karl Marx was a German revolutionary credited with the foundation of communism. He studied at the University of Berlin and shortly after graduation became part of the Young Hegelian movement. This group showed a highly liberal standpoint against the Prussian government. Marx became involved in the publication of a liberal newspaper, which later was shut down by the Prussian government. Marx soon went to Paris where not only a year later he was banished for his liberal thinking. He then moved to Brussels along with friend Friedrick Engels where they joined the Communist league and later published The Communist Manifesto as well as Capital I, II, III (vols. II and III were published after his death by Engels) and Das Kapital. Each of his works focused highly on ideas that everybody was needed for certain jobs to create commodities and a successful government and country.
Connection to BNW:
Just like Bernard Marx, Karl Marx was a revolutionary thinker with ideas that could (and in Marx’s case, did) radically change society. However, unlike Bernard, Karl Marx was free too publish his radical ideas in newspapers (for a time) and journals. Both men were somewhat of outcasts, as Bernard was sent to Iceland just as Karl was banished from Paris. Karl Marx also believed that religion was like a drug to a society, which in BNW the void left by religion is replaced with soma. Marx’s ideas in his publication of Capital also go along with the idea that everybody has a job especially in the production of commodities, which are the jobs of Deltas and Epsilons in BNW.
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/
http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/marx.html
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-marx.htm
Das Kapital
Karl Marx argued that communism is a better governmental system than capitalism. He believes that capitalism like previous systems will produce internal tensions which will inevitably lead to its demise. Capitalism replaced feudalism, and communism will replace capitalism. Communism is a stateless, classless society which is a stable form of government after a time of transition. Das Kapital is a critical analysis of capitalism. Marx’s analysis of capitalism in Das Kapital focuses primarily on the structural flaws that characterize capitalistsociety.
Connection to BNW:
The government in the brave new world is similar however it does differ in some aspects to communism. In the brave new world everyone works together to obtain a certain goal. Individuality is frowned upon in both societies yet there are classes of society in BNW such as Alphas, Betas, ect. Like Karl Marx, Mustafa Mond frowns upon other societies like savages or in Marx’s case capitalists.
das kapital
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_marx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_kapital
karl marx views
Henry Ford
Born: July 30, 1863Died: April 7, 1947
Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company in 1903. He introduced the “Model T” in 1908. Model T had a steering wheel on the left and a four cylinder engine and it was cheap enough to be bought by most of America. Ford is considered the founder of the assembly line, and mass production. Ford was also credited to the social theory of Fordism. Fordism was the transformation from agriculture to industry. The theory was also accompanied with mass production to produce economic growth. President Woodrow Wilson asked Henry Ford to run for the Democratic Party for president. He ran as a peace candidate and was a strong supported of the proposed League of Nations.
Connection to Brave New World
Fordism is the religion that the people of Brave New World practiced. The people in BNW also moved away from agriculture and visiting the country. They also have a mass production of people in the form of assembly line in BNW, like how Ford mass produced cars in the assembly line. The Model T is where the sign of the T that the people in BNW do comes from. Henry Ford also supported the League of Nations that was proposed to unite the whole world. In BNW there is a World State which joins the whole world together, similar to the proposed League of Nationshttp://www.hfmgv.org/EXHIBITS/HF/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btford.html
http://www.willamette.edu/~fthompso/MgmtCon/Henry_Ford.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford